Because chemicals in kratom act on opiate receptors in the brain, it has sometimes been used to treat opium dependence. But Vacovsky doesn't see kratom as a viable part of addiction treatment.
He says part of effectively treating opium addiction requires medications that act as "antagonists" (blocking agents) to the opium receptors. The alkaloids in kratom are agonists, which mean they stimulate those receptors.
Packets of Kratom, such as this one, are sold online and at head shops.
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"You cannot tell me there's any science behind [using kratom to treat opiate addiction]," Vacovsky says. "It's just a substitute. You take it, it releases endorphins, and you feel fine. But then you're addicted to the kratom."
Some users disagree, particularly those at the Kratom Association, a national advocacy network that seeks to preserve the legal status of the herb. One member and moderator for the group, Nathan Wren, told New Times he used kratom daily for months after shattering his femur in a car accident and experienced no withdrawal symptoms when he suddenly stopped. He says he believes "addiction to kratom is purely psychological," and, "If there are any symptoms, it's like how you might feel if one were to take coffee away from you for a time."
Most of the Kratom Association members, Wren says, are people in their 40s to 60s who use kratom for depression and pain management. "Kratom has been a godsend for folks who can't afford healthcare or don't want to be addicted to pain meds," he says. "It's not for a good time."
Shawn Schuman, 24, is a kratom advocate in Pennsylvania. Like many other users, he says he began taking kratom to overcome an addiction to painkillers. "There is no real 'high' to be had," Schuman says. "There is a definite mood elevation, but it does not resemble the high achieved with traditional recreational substances."
But kratom is being marketed and sold as a "legal high" and unregulated novelty drug. And this has already got the attention of the DEA. Ramona Sanchez, spokeswoman for the DEA's Phoenix division, says she thinks kratom could fall under the Federal Analog Act. The act allows substances that are "substantially similar" to controlled substances to be treated the same as the controlled substance.
Sanchez also says that because kratom is not considered a federally controlled substance, any data the DEA has is anecdotal. But she emphasizes that kratom "is nowhere near being good for you. Even though it is not a controlled substance, we would not recommend anybody taking this . . . It is not good at all."