Whether the new Ideal Org will be, as a 2009 St. Petersburg Times editorial described the church, "a smiling storefront, a darker interior" may be in the eye of the beholder. Certainly, some of the church's cult-like aspects have been well documented: harsh attacks on critics and ex-members; "disconnections" aimed at turning family members against each other; an inflexible belief system; attacks on psychiatry.
It's true that all religions in the United States (Scientology has been a religion, as far as the IRS is concerned, since 1993) contain practices and beliefs that outsiders find distasteful or zany. Excessive costs for Scientologists often are brought up as a criticism of the church. But many religions demand tithing of 10 percent of gross income. Scientology's fees for "purification rundowns," auditing sessions, and myriad books and DVDs are, by comparison, no worse.
Jamie Peachey
The new Ideal Org main building, pictured above, is down the road from L. Ron Hubbard's restored Phoenix home at 5501 North 44th Street.
Location Info
Related Content
More About
Some Scientologists swear by Hubbard's religion. As older religions do, Scientology helps some people navigate through life's troubles.
Yet that doesn't excuse its shortcomings. Behind the "smiling storefront," curious truth-seekers will find a system of mental-health treatment that has all the hallmarks of faith healing, a personality cult centered on Hubbard, and a never-ending series of coursework. The church's harassment of journalists, government officials, and ex-members has been orchestrated by an official church doctrine known as "Fair Game."
Thanks to the religion's founder's not being born in ancient times, an excruciating amount of detail can be learned online and in books written about L. Ron Hubbard. In a nutshell, Hubbard was a poor student, a war veteran, a charismatic big talker, a dabbler in the occult, a prolific writer of pseudo-scientific gobbledygook and pulp science fiction, a scam artist who created a phony university that awarded him a phony doctoral degree, and a man who reportedly stated that the best way to make a fortune is to found your own religion.
In 1938, he reportedly told friends he had written a book that was more important than the Bible. The unpublished book, Excalibur, led to more research by Hubbard and the writing of Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health, published in 1950. The bestselling book describes methods it says will organize and tame the mind; it also espouses eyebrow-raising theories that, in 61 years, haven't been remotely upheld by mainstream science.
The goal of Scientology therapy is to reach a stage called "clear," and "clears," said Hubbard, don't get colds, asthma, or other "psychosomatic ills." Like the character of Peter Parker in the movie Spider-Man, the eyesight of a "clear" soon will become "optimum," according to Hubbard's teachings.
In one of the many purported partial transcripts of therapy sessions that seem written entirely in Hubbard's voice, a young woman undergoes mental regression to the fetal stage, where she can feel "pressure" on her embryonic face as her mother has sex.
(Scientology teaches that people can even remember much earlier events — going all the way back to their many past lives.)
Hubbard moved to Phoenix in 1952 and gave hundreds of lectures on Scientology, which he declared to be a "science of mind." A quote on the Phoenix Ideal Org website has Hubbard praising the beauty of Camelback Mountain following his completion in 1952 of Scientology 88. In an online copy of that handwritten manuscript, critics and believers can read how Hubbard claimed to be a nuclear physicist (in fact, he got an "F" in a college class he took on the subject) and that he spent "80,000 hours" researching his subject before committing the new book to print.
The first Scientology church was incorporated in December 1953 in New Jersey; Hubbard's first wife, Mary (who later divorced him, saying he was "hopelessly insane"), filed articles of incorporation for the church with the Arizona Corporation Commission on July 26, 1954.
One of the spin-off organizations of Scientology, the addiction treatment program Narconon, was dreamed up by Arizona prison inmate William Benitez in 1967. Despite its homegrown origins, a program based on Narconon's methods — which includes massage and sweat therapy — was rejected for use in Arizona prisons in 2001, because of concerns that it was scientifically unsound ("Lock Up, Rub Down," November 15, 2001).
The religion's spiritual headquarters is in Clearwater, Florida, but it also has major facilities — like its Celebrity Centre — in Los Angeles.
David Miscavige took over as ecclesiastical leader six years before Hubbard died in 1986. He's presided over lots of rough patches, probably none tougher than a double-whammy in 1995. That year, a disgruntled ex-member published online secret documents known as "OTIII" (OT standing for "Operating Thetan"), which contain the Xenu story. Then, Lisa McPherson, a mentally ill young member, died after she was "treated" for two weeks in a Scientology facility in Clearwater.
The church officially was charged with two felonies in McPherson's death, but the charges were dropped. Two years ago, Rathbun — the former church leader who's now getting harassed by the "squirrel busters" — admitted that he had destroyed key evidence in the case.
Somehow, the church has survived its scandals. But according to some, it's faltering under heavy public opposition.
As pointed out in a recent blog post in the Village Voice, New Times' sister paper in New York City ("Scientologists: How Many of Them Are There, Anyway?" July 4), Scientology's membership appears to be in a tailspin. The American Religious Identification Survey by Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, which has been collecting data on U.S. religious habits for more than 20 years, estimated that the country had about 55,000 Scientologists in 2001. By 2008, that number had dropped to about 25,000.