Opponents of the anti-immigrant laws that Pearce fathered (until he was thrown out of office) believe they unfairly target Latinos and foster racial profiling.
Senator Jerry Lewis, a Republican Mormon from Mesa who unseated Pearce, tells New Times that Mormons understand persecution.
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"As far as immigration, we believe we are all children of God, and we take very seriously the tenets of our faith, to love all of his children, to learn to get along with all people," he says.
Bob Grossfeld, a longtime Democrat political strategist based in Phoenix, says that the Pearce-Lewis race pitted Mormon against Mormon and served as a good example of the gradations within the religious yet political individual.
"There's no uniformity, even if it appears so from the outside," he says. "You've got Russell Pearce and crew working on immigration insanity, and up in Salt Lake City, you have them signing the Utah Compact and laying out a very humanitarian and principled approach."
Lewis' near-miraculous win — beating one of the most politically intimidating and influential elected officials in Arizona — leaves him unable to dismiss the thought that perhaps there is a chance that the state will flip from Republican red to Democratic blue and help re-elect the nation's first black president.
"When you look at President Obama, historically, at the essence of his rising to the most powerful position in the world, you can't ignore the fact that anything is possible," he says.
But is it possible in Arizona?
The origins of the Mormon Church — a religion that emerged through a divine revelation to a man named Joseph Smith living in New York during the 1800s — embrace the idea that anything is possible.
Smith established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints about a decade after God, Jesus Christ, and various angels first appeared to him in visions in 1820, according to Mormon teachings. An angel instructed Smith to translate the present-day Book of Mormon from ancient golden tablets buried in a hill in upstate New York.
Unlike Catholics who believe that divine revelation ended with Jesus' apostles, Mormons believe that God looks like a human and still is revealing new truths, the Book of Mormon teaches.
Mormons also hold that God created many worlds with people on them, that there have been many Adams, that everyone has a heavenly existence before arriving on Earth, and that a child born provides a physical body for each of those heavenly beings.
Those living the most righteous lives here on Earth can, after they die, attain a place in the Celestial Kingdom, the highest of Heaven's three levels, according to Mormon beliefs.
For them, marriage is an eternal commitment that continues when they rejoin their Father in Heaven. And there, the men, with their heavenly wives at their side, also can become gods, to create and populate their own planets.
The earthly Mormons, who first populated the East Coast, moved west over the years, partly to escape the persecution they faced because their church's rapid growth, political power, and unconventional beliefs — including polygamy — often threatened an area's established political or religious system.
They fled Ohio after failed attempts to establish a Mormon community with a thriving economy. They moved to Jackson County, Missouri, and "had to be moved out before they dominated the county politically," wrote Roger Thompson, a longtime Mormon, in his book The Mormon Church.
Church members were attacked by mobs and militia groups and received no protection from the government. The governor of Missouri issued orders to exterminate the Mormons.
Smith decided that he would run for president of the United States, sending his saints to promote his candidacy. For trying to shut down an anti-Mormon newspaper, government officials sought Smith to stand trial. He eventually turned himself in and was killed by a mob while in jail.
Brigham Young, one of Smith's early converts, took the reins of the church and led its members. Life for Mormons remained tumultuous in the West, including in Arizona, where they engaged in bloody battles over land and water rights.
There were political factions comprising Jewish merchants, ranchers, and New Mexican sheep herders who worked tirelessly against the polygamous newcomers, observed Arizona native Daniel J. Herman, a professor of History at Central Washington University who is the author of a 2012 essay titled "Arizona's Secret History."
In those days, there was frustration about Mormons' anti-Mexican sentiment, prompting a newspaper editor, New Mexicans, and cowboys to form the Equal Rights Party, which ran on a platform of racial tolerance.
By contrast, the Mormons, thirsty for righting the wrongs against them, formed the People Party, which put up a successful candidate for sheriff who, historians report, orchestrated the deaths of at least 38 Mormon enemies.
Daniel Herman's account details the political history of four families: "The Romneys, the Udalls, the Flakes, and the Pearces — all prominent in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) — have produced dynamos for both major parties."
George Romney was governor of Michigan and once ran for president. Now, his son, Mitt, is running for president.