Few examples of this phenomenon are more illustrative than the strange case of Nick Drake. A singer-songwriter in the English folk tradition, Drake made three albums -- 1969's Five Leaves Left, 1970's Bryter Layter and 1972's Pink Moon, all of which have just been reissued on the Hannibal imprint -- that earned mostly respectful reviews but piddling sales at the time of their original release. Yet after his death in 1974 at age 26 from an overdose of antidepressant medication that may or may not have constituted a suicide, Drake's legend began growing, and it hasn't stopped since. Today he's widely perceived to have been a tortured artist in the Van Gogh tradition -- a tremendously fragile fellow whose creations were cruelly underappreciated during his lifetime but can now be recognized as beacons of beauty almost too good for this nasty old world.
In actuality, relatively little is known about Drake. Only one interview with him was published while he was still above ground, a 1971 Jerry Gilbert piece for Sounds that's exceedingly brief (just nine paragraphs) and undeniably superficial; it focuses mostly on Drake's lack of interest in playing live -- something he seldom did. Moreover, he spent the majority of his last two years as a solitary recluse (he holed up in his parents' house in Tanworth-in-Arden, where he died), living mainly in his own head. But that hasn't prevented a growing number of chroniclers from trying to tell his tale. The BBC produced a radio documentary about Drake in 1999, New York Times contributor Arthur Lubow is in the midst of writing a Drake biography and A Skin Too Few: The Days of Nick Drake, a 48-minute film about the singer featuring the participation of his sister Gabrielle, an actress, and one of his producers, Joe Boyd, debuted in Amsterdam last month. And that's not to mention the many cybershrines to Drake that populate the Internet. Sprawling sites such as nickdrakeworld.com include photographs, essays and virtually every sentence that's ever been written about this terminally shy character. All of which helps explain why Volkswagen recently used the Drake song "Pink Moon" in a television commercial. That's immortality, new-millennium style.
Given all that, is it possible to listen to Drake's newly restored catalogue (which comes complete with lyric sheets, pristinely remastered sound and a plethora of rare snapshots) and impartially, dispassionately judge the music he left behind? Probably not, considering that there's no way of telling if the eerie, fated quality so many of his songs seem to exude now was present prior to his dramatic demise. Indeed, what may be most striking about the CDs is how logically the ingredients of his ultimate artistic martyrdom are assembled there. He couldn't have done a better job if he had planned it -- an observation that raises a few questions of its own.
Five Leaves Left, Drake's Boyd-produced debut, features fine playing by guitarist Richard Thompson and other members of the then-hot folk-rock act Fairport Convention, as well as our protagonist's casual vocalizing, which was being likened to Donovan's long before his lungs filled for their final time. But whereas Donovan during his prime tended to seesaw between fey pastorales and pop-rock goofs like "Mellow Yellow" and "Sunshine Superman," Drake mainly sticks to the dark end of the street. The first verse of "Time Has Told Me," which opens the album, seems a bit self-aggrandizing at first ("Time has told me/You're a rare, rare find/A troubled cure/For a troubled mind"), but Drake immediately undercuts that sentiment with an air of weary resignation ("And time has told me/Not to ask for more/Someday our ocean/Will find its shore").
The metaphorical use of natural forces to symbolize an environment beyond Drake's comprehension extends through many of the songs that follow. "River Man" sweeps along on a slow wave of strings and a sense of cosmic bewilderment ("If he tells me all he knows/About the way his river flows/I don't suppose it's meant for me"), the mournful "Way to Blue" asks an ethereal seeker to reveal his discoveries to those waiting "at your gate hoping like the blind," and "'Cello Song" gently depicts a dialogue between Drake and what seems to be a not-so-avenging angel. At its conclusion, he sings, "So forget this cruel world where I belong/I'll just sit and wait and sing my song/And if one day you should see me in the crowd/Lend a hand and lift me to your place in the cloud."
The loveliness of this death wish probably could have spawned the Drake cult all by itself. But his appeal among young depressives was guaranteed by "Fruit Tree," arguably the most explicit portrayal of the I'll-be-appreciated-when-I'm-gone fantasy generated during the rock era. After likening fame to a fruit tree ("so very unsound"), Drake keens, "Safe in your place deep in the earth/That's when they'll know what you were truly worth." Morose songwriters have come and gone since then, but no one's ever been able to top that.
As it turned out, Drake didn't, either; Bryter Layter, made the next year with producer Boyd and many of the same supporting players, is a skosh more optimistic (How could it not be?). The opening "Introduction," an appealing orchestral snippet, is more elegiac than somber, and "Hazey Jane II," which follows it, sports a reasonably jaunty brass section, a jazzy melody and couplets about taking time to enjoy the days that fall notably short of being doom-laden. Likewise, "One of These Things First" inventories possibilities, not crushed aspirations; "Fly" contains, of all things, a romantic proposition (albeit one that comes after a brush-off); and the Van Morrison-like "Northern Sky" finds Drake confessing, "I never felt magic crazy like this" and inviting an unknown entity to "brighten my northern sky." Such statements seem especially touching when juxtaposed with the hushed despair of Five Leaves Left; they hint that Drake, while still a bit timid and cautious, is backing away from the ledge.
But no. Following the apathetic reaction of the masses to Bryter Layter, Drake all but disappeared. During the next two years, according to the text of an Island Records bio penned in late 1971 by press officer Dave Sandison and put out in conjunction with the original Pink Moon, Drake stopped by the record company's offices twice -- once for reasons no one could fathom (he hardly said anything to anyone before taking his leave), and a second time to drop off the tapes that became his third LP, which Island personnel had no idea he was making.
That wasn't all Island didn't know; Sandison wrote that execs weren't even certain where Drake was living at the time ("We're pretty sure he left his flat in Hampstead quite a while ago"). Still, Sandison notes, Island put out Pink Moon anyhow, even though "his first two albums haven't sold a shit," because "we believe that Nick Drake is a great talent . . . and maybe one day, someone in authority will stop to listen to [his records] properly and agree with us."
This yearning wasn't satisfied before Drake went down for the count, but in view of the insular quality of Pink Moon, that's no great surprise. The recording, produced and engineered by John Wood, dispenses with Boyd's ornate production techniques and the accompanists he brought along with him: Aside from his acoustic guitar, Drake is entirely on his own. As for the songs themselves, they're generally dour musical miniatures, mere fragments that Drake mates with spare, elliptical poesy. Some of his performances are oddly charming (e.g., his repetitions of the word "pink" on the title song), while others are subtly paranoid (in "Things Behind the Sun," he warns, "Please beware of them that stare") or mildly disturbing (he casts himself as the star of "Parasite"). Despite the occasional glimmer of hopefulness, as in his declaration that "I can take a road that'll see me through" (in "Road"), the disc as a whole evokes retreat -- from his music, from society, from himself. Emblematic is the emaciated blues tune "Know," whose lyrics consist of four truncated lines: "Know that I love you/Know I don't care/Know that I see you/Know I'm not there."
Would songs like these still be prized had Drake simply faded away instead of flickering out in the way that he did? Perhaps: The sustained misery of Five Leaves Left is quite an achievement -- the platter makes Morrissey seem like Mr. Cheerful by comparison -- and both Bryter Layter and Pink Moon have their moments. But it's as clues to Drake's eventual destiny that these albums achieve their greatest impact. Or, to put it another way, the information about the singer that people bring to his compositions makes his music more memorable than it might be without it. Betcha Nick would understand.
