Nine years later, the Mercado sits nearly empty. Symington, now governor, has filed bankruptcy, hoping to avoid fulfilling personal guarantees he and his wife made to six union pension funds as backing for a $10 million loan.
Here's what happened as the Mercado went from vision to disaster:
May 1986: Phoenix City Council approves a plan submitted by Symington Company and Chicanos Por La Causa, a nonprofit community group, to build the Mercado. Council sets July 1, 1987, deadline for Symington to secure financing.
June 25, 1987: Council approves an eight-month delay to allow developers to secure financing. Symington promises to show proof of loan commitment by July 17, 1987.
July 16, 1987: William Earle Miller, an investment manager for the firm Mitchell Hutchins Institutional Investors Inc., is contacted about arranging a long-term, $10 million pension fund loan for Symington's partnership. The pension loan would be used to pay off a short-term, $10 million First Interstate Bank construction loan.
October 15, 1987: Miller commits up to $11.1 million in pension fund financing to Symington's limited partnership. The partnership pays Miller a $10,000 fee for arranging the financing--a fee that later is alleged to be illegal. As part of the loan commitment, Symington pledges to use union labor to construct the project.
February 1, 1988: The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development approves a $2.7 million grant to the City of Phoenix, which plans to lend the money to Symington's Mercado partnership. Mercado developers pull permits to begin construction.
June 25, 1988: After months of delay related to federal approval of the city HUD loan, heavy construction on the 127,000-square-foot Mercado begins.
November 23, 1988: McMorgan & Company, a San Francisco-based money management firm, assumes control of union pension fund assets after improprieties in Miller's handling of pension funds are discovered. Those improprieties include the acceptance of improper payments for processing loans.
April 29, 1989: Miller is sued by union pension funds in U.S. District Court in Phoenix. The lawsuit charges he engaged in racketeering, violated securities laws and received unjust compensation while investing more than $250 million of pension funds in failing Arizona real estate projects.
August 25, 1989: Preleasing for office and retail space in the Mercado is slow. "It's empty, yes," says co-developer Pete Garcia of Chicanos Por La Causa.
September 14, 1989: Cost of Mercado rises to $15.3 million, from the initial cost estimate of $14.5 million.
December 1, 1989: Mercado holds gala grand opening.
March 24, 1990: Arizona State University announces plans to relocate its downtown campus to the Mercado, where all office space and one third of retail space sit empty.
May 5, 1990: Arizona's first Hispanic art museum opens in Mercado.
June 29, 1990: Symington personally guarantees repayment of a $10 million permanent loan provided by the union pension funds. His wife, Ann, also signs a guarantee, promising to repay the loan from any community property she shares with Symington. Symington submits a December 31, 1989, financial statement to pension funds stating the couple's community property, as of June 1990, is worth about $12 million.
July 10, 1990: Anchor tenant C. Steele's restaurant closes doors after failing to pay its Mercado rent.
February 26, 1991: Symington narrowly defeats Democrat Terry Goddard in run-off gubernatorial election.
April 27, 1991: Symington's first proposed state budget as governor includes a $432,000 appropriation that helps ASU cover its annual rent of $568,900 at the Mercado.
May 1991: McMorgan & Company officials and Symington hold heated discussions over Mercado loan-repayment problems.
May 31, 1991: Symington's personal financial statement is voluntarily submitted to McMorgan & Company The statement claims Symington has a net worth of negative $23 million--suggesting his estate has suffered $35 million in losses in less than a year.
June 14, 1991: Union pension funds amend racketeering civil suit against Miller to include the Mercado loan. The suit claims Miller violated federal pension fund law by receiving "a $10,000 loan-processing fee when the borrower (Symington's partnership) accepted the loan commitment."
October 10, 1991: McMorgan & Company notifies Symington that it is ready to foreclose on the Mercado and auction it. A trustee's sale is set for January 17, 1992.
November 1991: Resolution Trust Corporation asks the FBI to conduct a criminal investigation into Symington's role in the Esplanade development, which was funded, in part, by Southwest Savings and Loan. Symington was a member of the thrift's board of directors in 1983 when the thrift invested $30 million in the Esplanade.
December 16, 1991: RTC sues Symington and other officials of Southwest Savings and Loan, seeking $197 million in damages related to the thrift's failure. The government accuses Symington of receiving "millions of dollars of unwarranted revenue" related to the Esplanade.
December 24, 1991: Union pension funds file suit to remove Symington's partnership as managers of the Mercado. Symington files a counterclaim, alleging the pension funds have received money to cover delinquent loan payments and are blocking Symington from leasing property.
January 24, 1992: Trustee sale for Mercado canceled as union pension funds and Symington continue negotiations.
January 31, 1992: Symington submits a financial disclosure statement to the secretary of state that fails to include the value of his real estate projects.
February 4, 1992: Mercado project misses U.S. deadline to create 235 jobs, a condition for receiving a federally backed $2.7 million loan from the City of Phoenix.
February 7, 1992: Symington submits amended financial disclosure statement to the secretary of state, showing positive equity in his real estate projects. This disclosure comes eight months after Symington told McMorgan & Company he had a negative net worth of $23 million.
March 20, 1992: With sales plummeting, Mercado merchants ask Symington for one-year free rent.
November 17, 1992: Miller is indicted by a federal grand jury in Tucson that charges he received kickbacks from a Tucson real estate broker in exchange for pension fund loans.
December 9, 1992: Pension funds refile Mercado foreclosure suit after Symington's partnership fails to make mortgage payments. A trustee sale is scheduled for March 10, 1993.
December 25, 1992: City of Phoenix warns Symington it will file a default notice after the governor's partnership fails to make lease payments for the city-owned property on which the Mercado was built.
January 29, 1993: Symington declares his net worth "is down to zero."
March 10, 1993: Mercado trustee sale is delayed at last minute to allow further negotiations between Symington and pension funds.
April 10, 1993: Symington asks Phoenix to assume ownership of the crippled Mercado project.
May 1, 1993: Phoenix Mayor Paul Johnson rejects Symington's request.
May 13, 1993: Union pension trust funds purchase Mercado at trustee sale for $3.1 million. Trust-fund lawyers say they will sue Symington for the $7 million difference between the purchase price and the Mercado loan.
July 28, 1993: FBI issues subpoenas indicating expansion of Symington criminal probe to include all of his development projects.
March 28, 1994: Miller is sentenced to 37 months in federal prison. He was convicted in December 1993 in U.S. District Court of racketeering and unlawful receipt of payments to influence the operation of a pension plan. May 1994: RTC settles Southwest Savings suit with Symington after determining the governor had no recoverable assets.
August 2, 1994: The FBI serves subpoenas to the City of Phoenix for Mercado files.
August 4, 1994: FBI interviews Symington's Mercado partner, Pete Garcia, for five hours concerning Mercado financing.
November 4, 1994: Union pension funds settle a massive civil suit, collecting $93.3 million in damages from Miller, his former employers and others.
November 8, 1994: Symington wins reelection, easily defeating Democrat Eddie Basha. Basha scarcely mentioned Symington's financial problems during the campaign.
June 21, 1995: Symington retains bankruptcy attorneys, paying a $3,000 initial retainer.
July 24, 1995: Maricopa County Superior Court enters $8.8 million judgment against Symington and the community property he holds with his wife, Ann. Symington's lawyer says, "No one is writing a check today, tomorrow or in the foreseeable future."
July 31, 1995: Symington's lawyers claim in court filings that "no community property exists" between Ann and Fife Symington. Symington and wife embark on a two-week European vacation, stopping in Paris and London. Symington says wife paid for the trip.
August 11, 1995: Mercado judgment increased to $11.5 million to include accrued interest.
August 29, 1995: Pension fund lawyers demand Symington make payments on the judgment or face salary garnishment.
September 7, 1995: Symington agrees to pay 25 percent of his salary toward the judgment. At that rate, it would take 600 years to settle the claim.
September 18, 1995: Pension trust funds reject Symington's "final offer" of $285,000 to settle the $11.5 million debt.
September 20, 1995: Symington files Chapter 7 bankruptcy, seeking to liquidate all liabilities, including his $11.5 million debt to the union pension funds.
September 28, 1995: McMorgan & Company officials vow "to leave no stone unturned" during bankruptcy proceedings to force Symington to pay the judgment.
